as would seem today the introduction of moral or religious criteria into the fields of astronomy or nuclear physics.

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The direction of this progress will allow us some day to establish more precisely the distinction between morals and pseudo-morals. However, if we have tried to show the unconscious crigin of these ideas, of these so-called moral opinions, this should not lead us to the other extreme of agnosticism, or to a total relativism concerning the possibility of establishing moral values and criteria free from prejudice In some fields we already see a clear development of new morals. For example, we see gradually the idea of fundamental equality of races being substituted for the psuedo-religious, psuedomoral concepts which preach the ethical inferiority of the Negro or condemns all Jews because of a crime some of them might have committed 2000 years ago. New morals will have to be established according to the principles of psychological truth and pure knowledge, free from all unconscious emotional impulses.

In his well-known book, "Man, Morals, and Society", Prof. Flugel establishes the main directives for

Det RING

all true moral progress as follows: from egocentricity to sociality, from the unconscious to the conscious, from autism to realism, from moral repression to spontaneous goodness, from aggression to tolerance and love, from tear to security, from dependence to autonomy, from emotional judgments to cognitive judgments. Pseudo-morals belong to the first terms of this series of opposites, and they do not take into account the numerous aspects and exigencies of social life. This is engendered by fears of the condemnation of the super ego, and the liberation from this "morbid world of guilt," as Hesnard called it, will lead us to security, to independence of thought and judgment, and to the serenity of the truly learned and wise.

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In conclusion I would like to express the hope that these ideas may prove to be useful not only from a theoretical point of view, but also for the practical aim we are all striving for: the birth of a new way of thinking and of a new concept of morals freed from the age-old burden of ignorance-the birth of thought and morals in which the idea of good coincides with the knowledge of truth.

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International magazine in German, some articles in English. Submit subscriptions ($5.00 U.S.) by Intl. Bank Draft or Cash to the Editor:

GERHARD PRESCHA, Alsterchaussee 311, Hamburg 13, Germany

Pan

Monthly magazine published in Denmark by Forbundet af 1948 organization. Articles

in Danish, Norwegian, Swedish. Subscriptions, $3.00 per year

Address: Pan, Postbox

Der Weg

1023, Kobenhavi K, Denmark.

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Monthly in German, with some English. Subscriptions should be addressed to Der Weg zu Freundschaft und Toleranz, naden, 5, Hamburg 36, Germany.

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Colon-

mattachine REVIEW

WAR STORY

by Gilles Armor

I had just turned fourteen when, upon returning from the exodus, my parents found four Germans occupying their small home in the Paris suburb where we lived. Faced by this new disaster, mother wept and dad tightened his fists while I examined closely the enemy with a mixture of curiosity and fear.

After a number of vists to the kommandatur and several nights spent with more forunate neighbors, the departure of three of the Germans allowed us to recover home, except for one room that remained requisitioned and that we had to leave, for an indeterminate length of time, to Lt. Hanfstaengla name that my mother made a point never to pronounce correctly and that, to my father, still remains a symbol of humiliation and defeat.

He had obviously chosen my room, the one on the first floor, so an army cot was set for me in a corner of the living room. Mother, who firmly believed the tales of atrocities then current, had sug-

DER KREIS

LE CERCLE

gested that I move up to the second floor, but dad made her understand that I was past the age when I could share their bedroom.

My parents limited their contacts with the lieutenant to a few icy greetings, in spite of his frequent friendly overtures, which they attributed to propaganda orders. For

The polyglot-and redundanttitle of this Swiss monthly publication synthesizes its history: it began as a German-language magazine a quarter of a century ago, some ten years later added a French section, and finally, a few years ago, a section in English. At the present only about one quarter of its 50 or so pages of fine print are in English, but this figure will be increased when the proportion of Englishspeaking subscribers increases appreciably. Der Kreis has become the favorite of British and American authors who feel stifled under our ridiculous censorship. Contents: Stories, articles, poetry, photographs.

(monthly), published since 1936, in German; also articles in French and English (no translation duplications) drawings and photos; $7.00 yearly, first-class sealed $11.

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Remit by Bank Draft or Cash

DER KREIS/LE CERCLE Postfach 547, Fraumunster, Zurich 22

SWITZERLAND

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